Glaxo Dual Pricing case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Glaxo Dual Pricing case - Essay Example The legislation determining the price was used to identify the price of the drug. The law in Spain allowed for drug sale at prices determined by Glaxo. Hence, Glaxo sold drugs in Spain at low prices while it raised the prices if the drug was to be resold in a country that would buy at a higher price. In 2001 the Commission made a decision which regarded article 81 was applicable to the medicines that were to be sold and thus, they did not warrant exclusion. Glaxo’s position was that the precise factors that were ongoing at that time in the pharmaceutical trade were supposed to lead to various evaluation of competition in the industry. The precise factors as determined by Glaxo were the impact of parallel trade on medicine consumers, the effect of parallel trade on drug shortages, the effect of price control by European Union member states and the effect of parallel trade on research and development. The attorney general rejected these points of view by Glaxo. They were also nullified by the European Court of Justice. It was stated that the pharmaceutical business was not exempt from the criterion of Competition Law as all industries were under it. Articles 81(1) and 81(3) were of importance to the case. Glaxo noted the importance of price regulation by countries. The fina l judgements of the case were applicable to all undertakings in spite of their sectors (Rey and Venit, 2009). The European Commission has protected and encouraged parallel trade for prescription medicines under its administrative wing. Also, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in relation to competition laws and free trade of goods has resulted in existence of parallel trade for prescription medicines. The pharmaceutical industry depends on its own profits to finance its objectives, hence a reason of encouragement to partake in parallel trade. According to Rey and Venit (2009), variations exist in European Union member countries in terms of their

Beauty Veiled :: Personal Narrative Essays

Hot and sticky, on an early September afternoon, I was sitting idly in traffic waiting for the light on Pensacola and Jefferson to turn green. With the music blaring, windows down, and a line of sweat slowly trickling down the back of my neck, my eyes were drawn to a group of people chatting in a run-down parking lot to my right. Behind them lay an old building into which the people were slowly making their way. It wasn't the building that held my attention it was the women in front of it. They were too fully dressed for the sweltering September afternoon, wearing long sleeved dresses and most with scarves covering their heads. All I could see of their bodies was the skin of their faces and hands. As the light turned green, I slowly inched forward hardly able to tear my eyes away from the women. I couldn't help but be intrigued as to why they would be dressed in such a manner at this time of year. As I rolled forward, my car came to a stop in front of a small sign, written first in g reen Arabic lettering and then in English: Al-Ansar Mosque: The Islamic Center of Tallahassee. Later in the week about the same time of day, I returned once again to the mosque, curious about the small building and hoping to grab another glimpse of the women. Stealthily, I spied from my car in a parking lot across the street from the mosque. While I waited, I again noticed how small the building seemed from my vantage point. So small, in fact, that I couldn't help but wonder how any more then twenty or thirty people could fit within its walls. The paint was a dirty eggshell color, with what looked like rust or dirt streaked in various spots along the walls. Some of the green shutters, surrounded by and Arabic-like design, were broken, and one of them was hanging haphazardly from its hinges. A window was smashed and there was an illegible scrawl of graffiti on the left side of the building. Not only was the building small and run down, but the parking lot was as well. There were only a few spaces, enough to hold about ten compact cars, and small rocks and a few potholes were scattered across the lot. It looked as if it was in need of a new repaving.

Information Systems Alumni Questionnaire

Figure 4 shows the size of the company. Figure 4: Size of the Company Size of the Company 3% From 1 to 10 employees 61% From 11 to 50 employees 5 From 51 to 100 employees More than 100 employees Most of the alumni who answered the survey (74. 2%) work for a company that is located in Puerco Rich. Figure 5 shows the company location. Figure 5: Company Location Company Location A foreign country Continental USA Puerco Rich 74% The vast majority of the alumni who answered the survey (90. 3%) indicated that the location where they work is in Puerco Rich. Figure 6 shows the distribution.Figure 6:Job Location Job Location 90% 6 Most of the alumni who answered the survey (77%) are male. Figure 7 shows the distribution. Figure 7: Gender Gender 23% Female Male 77% 7 Frequency distributions In this research, two main areas were analyzed. The first area addressed the career and professional accomplishments of the PR-RPR CICS alumni, which purpose is to measure the achievement of the program's o bjectives. The second area addressed the abilities gained from the Information Systems education, which purpose is to measure the achievement of the program's outcomes.Frequency distribution of the objectives of the program Eight career and professional accomplishments statements in the survey have he intention to measure the five objectives of the IGRP-RPR CICS program. Objectives one, two, and five are determined using two different career and professional accomplishment statements. Objectives three and four are evaluated with only one career and professional accomplishment statement. There is one independent variable for each career and professional accomplishment statement.A four-point Liker scale was used to measure each career and professional accomplishment. The scale consists of â€Å"Very frequently', â€Å"Frequently', â€Å"Sometimes†, and â€Å"Never'. From the program's objective perspective, the results show that in a sample of 31 alumni, most who participate d in the study felt that they: Sometimes implement and manage information systems in an organization. Very frequently apply technological, analytical, and critical thinking skills in the solution of problems related to information systems in organizations.Very frequently take into consideration the context in which information systems operate, when implementing and managing these systems. Very frequently maintain his professional expertise by updating his knowledge in technology and information systems. Very frequently perform his functions showing respect and appreciation for ethical values, interpersonal relationships, communication, and team work. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the objectives of the PR-RPR CICS program where the sample is 31. Figure 8 shows a column chart of the frequency distribution of the objectives from Table 1 .Frequency distribution of the outcomes of the program There are ten outcomes for the PR-RPR CICS program. Each outcome is understood to be the ability that the alumni developed or gained while studying for their Bachelor's degree. There 8 re ten questions or survey items regarding to those abilities to measure the program's outcomes. Each survey items from this section helps assess the effectiveness of the PR-RPR CICS program's achievement of an outcome of the program. There is one independent variable for each statement that measures the abilities developed from the Information Systems education.A four-point Liker scale was used to evaluate each of the ten statements addressing the abilities gained from the Information Systems education. The scale consists of â€Å"Highly effective†, â€Å"Very effective†, â€Å"Moderately effective†, and â€Å"Not effective†. From the program's outcomes perspective, the results show that in a sample of 31 alumni, most who participate in the study felt that they are: Highly effective in the ability to analyze an operation within an organization, identify problems and make recommendations to solve these problems.Very effective in the ability to select or design a system to solve the problems identified in an operation. Very effective in the ability to plan and supervise the implementation of a system that solves the problems identified in an operation. Very effective in the ability to use current techniques, skills, tools and best raciest to design, implement and manage information systems. Very effective in the ability to understand the impact that organizational, local and global environments have in the implementation and management of information systems.Both highly effective and very effective in the ability to value the protection of information system resources in an organization, and to identify ways in which this protection can be achieved. Highly effective in the ability to be aware of the high level of change in the Information Systems field, and the need to use different mechanisms to update your knowledge. Highly effect ive in the ability to recognize the importance of ethical values and interpersonal relationships in an information systems professional.

Content Based V Content Neutral Speech How Occupational...

Content Based v. Content Neutral Speech: How Occupational Licensing Threatens First Amendment Protections Introduction Since the 1950’s, occupational licensing has grown from 73 occupations to thousands of occupations being licensed. In fact, 28% of American jobs require a license in order to practice a profession. Occupational licensing is a method of economic regulation whereby the government controls the entry and supply of participants in a given profession. Occupational licensing can be seen as restricting a form of speech, especially in professions that are completely composed of speech, such as tour guides. There are different levels of speech and not all speech is protected equally, however, even if speech is not protected under the strictest of scrutiny, it is still protected none the less. Many professions have boards that require licensing for practicing the profession. These boards will bring suit to those they believe are practicing the profession without licenses and this practice can often go too far to infringing on the freedom of speech. This comment addresses occupational licensing laws and discusses when the licensing law goes too far. Regarding the most prominent cases on this issue, Kagan v. City of New Orleans and Edwards v. District of Columbia, this comment discusses the importance of narrowly tailored regulation laws in order to protect citizens from speech prohibition. Part I will analyze how occupational licenses can infringe on the freedom ofShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescustomer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. 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